Riveting.



UNITED STATS PTFNT OFFIQIE.

HARRY C. FRENCH, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGN OR OF ONE-HALF TO CHARLES F. BORGEL, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA.

RIVETING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

To 11]] whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY C. FRENCH, of

York, in the county of York and State of 1 Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Riveting; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainsto make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in riveting, adaptable particularly for use in securing the plates or joints of steam-boilers or tanks which are subjected to more or less pressure and wherein a tight rivet is a matter of vital importance.

One object of my invention is to accomplish the riveting in such manner that it will withstand any pressure within a boiler or tank without leaking and without necessity for calking.

A further object is to reduce to a minimum the amount of pressure necessary in upsetting the rivet to form the head to effect a steam-tight joint, thus reducing the strain on the rivet and its liability to break on account of expansion. I

A further object is to so rivet the plates or joints of a boiler or tank that a plurality of angles between the rivet and the adjacent metal of the plate will be afforded to overcome the pressure of the fluid in the tank, and thus avoid leakage without the use of packing or calking.

A further object is to provide an improvement in riveting which will result in cheapness in time and labor in applying the rivets and at the same time effectually prevent leakage.

With these objects in view the invention consists in certain features of construction, ashereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional View through two plates and a rivet, the rivet being shown before the outer head has been upset thereon. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the rivet after the outer head has been upset. Fig. 3 is a face view of the outer plate of a boiler, showing the grooves encircling the rivet-hole. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, showing a single groove encircling the rivet-hole; and Fig. 5

is a sectiona'l view showing a single groove encircling the rivet-hole.

In carrying my improved process into effect the boiler or other plates 1 2 to be riveted are provided with alined rivet-holes 3 in any approved manner. The outer plate 2 is then provided with one or more annular grooves 4, which encircle each rivet-hole, but spaced slightly therefrom. In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings I have shown two such grooves, the inner groove being spaced slightly from the wall of the rivet-hole, while in Figs. 4 and 5 a single groove 4 is shown adjacent to butspaced slightly from the wall of the rivet-hole. When the boiler-plates shall have been thus prepared, the rivet 5 will be passed through the alined holes of the plates 1 2, and the hot end of the rivet, which projects beyond the outer plate 2, will be upset by means of a pneumatic riveting-hammer or in any other suitable manner to form the head 6. In forming the head 6 only such pressure or force will be employed as will form the head and force portions of the metal thereof into the grooves 4. In accomplishing this the compression of the rivet will be much less than occurs in riveting processes heretofore in use, and consequently rivets when secured in accordance with my process are less liable to break on account of subsequent expansion.

WVith my improvements a p urality of angles will be afforded to withstand the boilerpressure, and tests have demonstrated that in this manner all leakage has been effectually overcome without necessity for calking.

WVhile I have shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 two annular concentric grooves 4, encircling a rivet-hole, it is evident that a greater number may be employed, and good results could be obtained with the use of a single groove, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. It will be observed that when two grooves are employed five angles 7 8 9 10 11 are provided to withstand the pressure, while with one groove, such as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, at least three angles 12 13 14 will be afforded.

My improvements are adaptable to all classes of work where a tight rivet is required, such as boilers, tanks, and ships, and especially marine boilers, which are often subjected to high and excessive pressure. My improvements are also applicable for use in securing one end of a stay-bolt for boilers.

Having fully described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a metal plate having a hole and having in its face in proximity to said hole a series of annular angles, a rivet passing through said hole and a head on said rivet upset against the face of the plate and having a portion of its metal conforming to said annular angles. I

2. The combination with a metal plate having a rivet-hole, said plate having an an nular groove in its face surrounding said rivet-hole, of a rivet passing through said hole, and a head on said rivet, a portion of the metal of the head entering said groove.

3. The combination with a metal plate having a rivet-hole therein, said plate having a plurality of annular grooves in its face around the rivet-hole, a rivet passing through said hole and having its head upset on said plate and filling said annular grooves.

4. The combination with two metal plates having alined rivet-holes, of a rivet passing through said holes to permanently unite said plates, said rivet having an integral head at its outer end, lying against the outer face of one of said plates, said face having a groove around the rivet-hole to receive a portion of the metal of the rivet-head.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY O. FRENCH.

Witnesses G. W. AUGHENBAUGH, JOHN E. AUGHENBAUGI-L, 

